Image: Supplied Recent studies underscore that puff counts are an unreliable measure of vaping consumption, as they can vary significantly depending on individual inhalation patterns, device settings, and usage habits (Aubin et al., 2025; Smith & Lee, 2024). Conversely, millilitres (ml) offer a precise, standardised metric for measuring e-liquid volume, enabling consumers to gauge their intake more accurately and confidently (Cochrane Review, 2025; Johnson et al., 2025). Evid
